Contact lens and eyewear frame design using physical landmarks placed on the eye

ABSTRACT

A method comprises: disposing a physical landmark upon an eye of a user; capturing at least one image of the eye of the user with an image sensor while the eye is illuminated, wherein the image includes an image of the physical landmark and at least one other point on the surface of the eye outside of the cornea; processing the at least one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user; and determining, based on the at least one metric, at least one parameter of a daily use contact lens to be worn on the eye of the user.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/915,985, filed Jun. 29, 2020, entitled “DISPLAY EYEWEAR WITHADJUSTABLE CAMERA DIRECTION,” the disclosure thereof incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART

The disclosed technology relates generally to eyewear, and moreparticularly some embodiments relate to fitting eyewear.

SUMMARY

In general, one aspect disclosed features a method comprising: disposinga physical landmark upon an eye of a user; capturing at least one imageof the eye of the user with an image sensor while the eye isilluminated, wherein the image includes an image of the physicallandmark and at least one other point on the surface of the eye outsideof the cornea; processing the at least one image to obtain at least onemetric of the eye of the user; and determining, based on the at leastone metric, at least one parameter of a daily use contact lens to beworn on the eye of the user.

Embodiments of the method may include one or more of the followingfeatures. In some embodiments, the daily use contact lens is to be wornby the user to view daily use display eyewear. Some embodiments comprisedisposing measurement display eyewear on the face of the user prior tocapturing the image, the measurement display eyewear comprising adisplay, the light source, and the image sensor; and capturing the atleast one image of the eye of the user and the physical landmark withthe display eyewear while the eye is illuminated. In some embodiments,the obtained at least one metric further comprises at least one of: avertex distance between an apex of a cornea of the eye and the display,a pupillary distance between the center of a pupil of an eye and themidline of the face between the eyes, or a vertical position of thecenter of the pupil relative to the center of the display. In someembodiments, the physical landmark is a measurement contact lens. Insome embodiments, the measurement contact lens comprises an orientationmark; and capturing at least one image of the eye of the user and thephysical landmark with an image sensor while the eye is illuminatedcomprises capturing at least one image of the orientation mark. In someembodiments, the physical landmark comprises a liquid film. In someembodiments, the liquid film reflects light in the spectrum of the imagesensor. Some embodiments comprise disposing a measurement contact lensupon the eye of the user prior to capturing the at least one image,wherein the measurement contact lens conforms to the shape of the eye ofthe user and at least one point on the measurement contact lens isdetectable by the image sensor.

In general, one aspect disclosed features non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium encoded with instructions executable byone or more hardware processors of a computing component, themachine-readable storage medium comprising instructions to cause the oneor more hardware processors to perform operations comprising: receivingat least one image of an eye of a user captured while a physicallandmark is on the eye and the eye is illuminated, wherein the imageincludes an image of the physical landmark and at least one other pointon the surface of the eye outside of the cornea; processing the at leastone image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user; anddetermining, based on the at least one metric, at least one parameter ofa daily use contact lens to be worn on the eye of the user.

Embodiments of the non-transitory machine-readable storage medium mayinclude one or more of the following features. In some embodiments, thedaily use contact lens is to be worn by the user to view daily usedisplay eyewear. In some embodiments, the at least one image is capturedby measurement display eyewear worn on the face of the user. In someembodiments, the obtained at least one metric further comprises at leastone of: a vertex distance between an apex of a cornea of the eye and adisplay of the measurement display eyewear; a pupillary distance betweenthe center of a pupil of an eye and the midline of the face between theeyes; or a vertical position of the center of the pupil relative to thecenter of the display. In some embodiments, the physical landmark is ameasurement contact lens. In some embodiments, the measurement contactlens comprises an orientation mark; and the at least one image includesan image of the orientation mark. In some embodiments, the measurementcontact lens conforms to the surface of the eye; and at least one pointon the measurement contact lens is detectable by an image sensor thatgenerated the image. In some embodiments, the physical landmarkcomprises a liquid film. In some embodiments, the liquid film reflectslight in the spectrum of the image sensor that generated the image.

In general, one aspect disclosed features a system, comprising: ahardware processor; and a non-transitory machine-readable storage mediumencoded with instructions executable by the hardware processor toperform operations comprising: receiving at least one image of an eye ofa user captured while a physical landmark is on the eye and the eye isilluminated, wherein the image includes an image of the physicallandmark and at least one other point on the surface of the eye outsideof the cornea; processing the at least one image to obtain at least onemetric of the eye of the user; and determining, based on the at leastone metric, at least one parameter of a daily use contact lens to beworn on the eye of the user.

Embodiments of the system may include one or more of the followingfeatures. In some embodiments, the daily use contact lens is to be wornby the user to view daily use display eyewear. In some embodiments, theat least one image is captured by measurement display eyewear worn onthe face of the user. In some embodiments, the obtained at least onemetric further comprises at least one of: a vertex distance between anapex of a cornea of the eye and a display of the measurement displayeyewear; a pupillary distance between the center of a pupil of an eyeand the midline of the face between the eyes; or a vertical position ofthe center of the pupil relative to the center of the display. In someembodiments, the physical landmark is a measurement contact lens. Insome embodiments, the measurement contact lens comprises an orientationmark; and the at least one image includes an image of the orientationmark. In some embodiments, the measurement contact lens conforms to thesurface of the eye; and at least one point on the measurement contactlens is detectable by an image sensor that generated the image. In someembodiments, the physical landmark comprises a liquid film. In someembodiments, the liquid film reflects light in the spectrum of the imagesensor that generated the image.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure, in accordance with one or more variousembodiments, is described in detail with reference to the followingfigures. The figures are provided for purposes of illustration only andmerely depict typical or example embodiments.

FIG. 1 illustrates an image capture system for capturing images of theeye of a user according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment where the elements of the image capturesystem of FIG. 1 may be arranged in a pair of spectacles.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process for automated contact lensdesign through image capture of the eye according to some embodiments ofthe disclosed technology.

FIG. 4 illustrates metrics of the eye that may be determined byprocessing the captured images.

FIG. 5 depicts an example image of the eye captured by the image capturesystem 100 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example technique for determining a vertexdistance VD, also called an eye-relief distance, for the image capturesystem of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example technique for determining a scleraldistance SD for the image capture system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 8 illustrates various parameters of contact lenses that may bedetermined according to embodiments disclosed technologies.

FIG. 9 illustrates an image capture system for capturing images of theeye of a user while wearing a measurement contact lens according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 10 illustrates an embodiment where the elements of the imagecapture system of FIG. 9 may be arranged in measurement eyewear.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process for automated contact lensdesign through image capture of the eye wearing a reference contact lensaccording to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 12A illustrates an example contact lens having orientation marksaccording to embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 12B illustrates another example contact lens having orientationmarks according to embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 13 shows the features of the measurement contact lens, as well asthe pupil 1204 of the eye.

FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of a system that includes a contact lenswith a integrated polarizer disposed upon an eye and a display, linearpolarizer, and a wave plate.

FIG. 15 illustrates a user's view of the system of FIG. 14, along withthe wave plate angle and the contact lens angle.

FIG. 16 illustrates an image capture system for capturing images of theeye of a user while wearing a measurement contact lens according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 17 illustrates an embodiment where the elements of the imagecapture system of FIG. 16 may be arranged in measurement eyewear.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a process for automated contact lensdesign through image capture of the eye wearing a reference contact lensaccording to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIGS. 19A,B illustrate display eyewear according to some embodiments ofthe disclosed technology.

FIGS. 20A,B,C illustrate mechanisms for adjusting eyewear displayshorizontally according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a process for automated eyewearframe design through image capture of landmarks placed on the user's eyeand head according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 22 illustrates the capture of an image of the user with physicallandmarks placed on the user's head according to some embodiments of thedisclosed technology.

FIGS. 23 and 24A,B illustrate example position information that may beobtained from a captured image of the user's head according to an imageof a user's head including physical landmarks.

FIG. 25 illustrates the capture of an image of a user wearing diagnosticeyewear according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.

FIG. 26 illustrates example position information that may be obtainedfrom a captured image of the user's head according to an image of auser's head including diagnostic eyewear.

FIG. 27 illustrates example position information that may be obtainedfrom a captured image of the user's head according to an image of auser's head including display eyewear.

FIG. 28 illustrates a collection of display eyewear that includes ninestock keeping units derived from combinations of three frame sizes andthree display locations.

FIG. 29 is an example data structure for determining parameters ofdisplay eyewear for a user based on the user's metrics.

FIG. 30 is another example data structure for determining parameters ofdisplay eyewear for a user based on the user's metrics.

FIG. 31 illustrates other eyeglass parameters that may be determinedbased on the obtained position information.

FIG. 32 illustrates a pair of eyeglasses assembled from multiplesections according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 33 illustrates a pair of display eyewear assembled from multiplesections according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 34A,B,C illustrate example nose shape metrics that may bedetermined from captured images of a user's head for selecting bridgeinserts according to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIGS. 35A,B,C illustrate several different bridge inserts according toembodiments of the disclosed technologies.

FIG. 36 depicts a block diagram of an example computer system in whichembodiments described herein may be implemented.

The figures are not exhaustive and do not limit the present disclosureto the precise form disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods for fittingeyewear. The eyewear may include eyeglasses, display eyewear, contactlenses to be worn with display eyewear, and contact lenses to be wornwithout display eyewear. According to the described embodiments,multifunction devices acquire images of the eye. The images areautomatically processed to generate design parameters for the eyewear.

Some embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods forautomated contact lens design through image capture of the eye. FIG. 1illustrates an image capture system 100 for capturing images of the eyeof a user according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.Referring to FIG. 1, the eye 102 is shown, as well as the cornea 104 ofthe eye. The image capture system 100 may include a projection systemthat includes a light source 106, a panel 108 having an illuminate slit118 formed therethrough, a lens 110, and a diffraction grating 112. Theimage capture system 100 may also include one or more cameras 114A,B,which may be positioned on opposite sides of the projection system.

With the light source 106 on, the lens 110 may image the illuminate slit118 onto the cornea 104, thereby creating a cross-section 120 throughthe cornea 104, as shown at 120. The diffraction grating 112 maydisperse the light into first diffraction orders, thereby projectinglight spectra onto the sclera of the eye 102, as depicted at 116A,B.Although FIG. 1 is not a color image, it will be apparent to one skilledin the relevant arts that, within each projected spectrum, the color redwill be lateral, while the color violet will be medial. Each camera 114may capture one or more images of the eye 102 and cornea 104, which mayinclude images of the spectra 116 and the cross-section 120.

The elements of the image capture system 100 of FIG. 1 may be arrangedin a variety of multifunction devices. In some embodiments, the elementsof the image capture system 100 of FIG. 1 may be arranged in a pair ofspectacles. FIG. 2 illustrates one such embodiment. Referring to FIG. 2,a multifunction device 200 includes a pair of spectacles 204 and twoimage capture systems 206A,B arranged to capture images of the user'seye's 202A,B. In some embodiments, the elements of the image capturesystem may be in a hand held device or an instrument with a chin and/ora forehead rest. In another embodiment, the elements of the imagecapture system may employ a mobile phone camera. A control system (notshown) to control the image capture subsystems 206 may be included inthe multifunction device 200, may be located externally to themultifunction device 200, or a combination thereof. In embodiments wheresome or all of the control system is external to the multifunctiondevice 200, the multifunction device 200 may include a receiver ortransceiver for connecting the multifunction device 200 to the externalelements.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a process 300 for automated contactlens design through image capture of the eye according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology. The elements of the process 300are presented in one arrangement. However, it should be understood thatone or more elements of the process may be performed in a differentorder, in parallel, omitted entirely, and the like. Furthermore, theprocess 300 may include other elements in addition to those presented.

Referring to FIG. 3, the process 300 may include illuminating an eye ofthe user with at least one light source, at 302. For example, referringagain to FIG. 1, the eye 102 of the user may be illuminated by the lightsource 106 of the image capture system 100, via the illuminate slit 118of the panel 108, the lens 110, and the diffraction grating 112. Inother embodiments, ambient light may be used to illuminate the eye, andno other light sources are used.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the process 300 may include capturing atleast one image of the eye of the user with an image sensor while theeye is illuminated, at 304. For example, referring again to FIG. 1, eachcamera 114A,B may capture one or more images of the eye 102 while theeye 102 is illuminated.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the process 300 may include processing the atleast one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user, at306. In some embodiments, this processing may include the use ofartificial intelligence techniques. For example, a machine-learningmodel may be trained using obtained metrics and associated parametersfor a large number of users, using supervised and/or unsupervisedtraining techniques. The trained machine-learning model may be providedwith a user's metrics as inputs, and may provide the parameters asoutputs.

FIG. 4 illustrates metrics of the eye 402 that may be determined byprocessing the captured images. Referring to FIG. 4, the metrics mayinclude a sagittal depth 404 of the eye 402 of the sclera for at leastone semi-meridian radial distance outside the cornea. The metrics mayinclude a radius 406 of a semi-meridian of the eye 402. The metrics mayinclude a radius of curvature 408 of the cornea of the eye 402. Themetrics may include a diameter 410 of the cornea of the eye 402. Themetrics may include a position of a center of the pupil or firstPurkinje image of the eye (not shown). The metrics may include aposition and an aperture height between the lids of the eye (not shown).Other metrics may be determined as well including the vertex distancefrom the apex of the cornea to a reference plane and a scleral distancefrom a reference plane. These metrics may be determined using the knowngeometry and other characteristics of the image capture system.

In some embodiments, additional metrics may be determined. For example,when the multifunction device takes the form of a pair of spectacles,the metrics may include a vertex distance between an apex of the corneaof the eye and the spectacle plane of the measurement eyewear, thepupillary distance between the centers of the pupils of the eyes or thedistance from the midline of the face between the pupils to the centerof a single pupil or the centers of each pupil, referred to as a splitpupillary distance, and the sagittal depth of the sclera from the apexof the cornea to a point on at least one semi-chord radial distanceoutside the cornea. Other metrics are contemplated.

In some embodiments, the multifunction device may take the form ofdisplay eyewear. In these embodiments, the metrics may include thevertical position of the center of the pupil of each eye relative to thecenter of the corresponding display of the display eyewear and similarmetrics.

In some embodiments, the obtained metrics may include the sagittal depthof the sclera of an eye of the user for at least one semi-meridianradial distance outside the cornea. In these embodiments, a sagittaldepth feature may be determined of the first or second contact lensbased on this sagittal depth.

FIG. 5 depicts an example image 500 of the eye 102 captured by the imagecapture system 100 of FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 5, the image includesthe cross-section 120, as well as the spectra 116A,B projected on thesclera the eye 102.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example technique for determining a vertexdistance VD, also called an eye-relief distance, for the image capturesystem 100 of FIG. 1. Referring to FIG. 6, the vertex distance VD is thedistance between the diffraction grating 112 and the surface of thecornea 104. In the example of FIG. 6, the geometry of the image capturesystem forms a right triangle 602 from which the vertex distance VD canbe determined. In other embodiments, the geometry may form other typesof triangles from which the vertex distance VD can be determined.

In the right triangle 602, the distance CD between an opening in thediffraction grating 112 and the center of the lens of the camera 114B isknown from manufacturing parameters of the image capture system. Theangle A is known from the position of the cross-section 120 in the imagecaptured by the camera 114B, for example as shown in FIG. 5. In thisexample, the vertex distance VD may be calculated based on the values ofthe distance CD and the angle A. This process may be employed for imagescaptured by the other camera 114A as well. The vertex distances VDdetermined according to the images captured by the cameras 114A,B may beaveraged, compared, or processed in some other manner to obtain a singlevertex distance VD.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example technique for determining a scleraldistance SD for the image capture system 100 of FIG. 1. Referring toFIG. 7, the scleral distance SD is the normal distance from the plane ofthe diffraction grating 112 to the sclera of the eye 102. In the exampleof FIG. 7, the geometry and characteristics of the image capture systemforms a triangle 702 from which the scleral distance SD can bedetermined.

In the triangle 702, the distance CD between an opening in thediffraction grating 112 and the center of the lens of the camera 114B isknown from manufacturing parameters of the image capture system. Theangle C is known from the position of the color red in the image of thespectrum 116B captured by the camera 114B. The angle D is known from thedispersion properties of the diffraction grating 112. In this example,the scleral distance SD may be calculated based on the values of thedistance CD and the angles C,D. This process may be employed for imagescaptured by the other camera 114A as well. The scleral distances SDdetermined according to the images captured by the cameras 114A,B may beaveraged, compared, or processed in some other manner to obtain a singlescleral distance SD. The sagittal depth of the eye at a semi chordoutside of the cornea may be calculated by subtracting the distance CDfrom a respective single scleral distance SD.

Referring again to FIG. 3, the process 300 may include determining,based on the at least one metric, at least one parameter of a contactlens to be worn on the eye with display eyewear, at 308, or at least oneparameter of a contact lens to be worn on the eye without displayeyewear, at 310. Contact lenses may then be manufactured based on theparameters. FIG. 8 illustrates various parameters of contact lenses thatmay be determined according to embodiments disclosed technologies. Across-section of a contact lens 802 is depicted. Also depicted areparameters of the contact lens 802 that include an outer diameter (OD)804, sagittal depth (SAG) 806, and a base curve radius (BCR) 808. Thebase curve radius 808 of the contact lens 802 may be determined based onthe radius of the cornea the eye. For example, in some embodiments thebase curve radius may be equal to the radius of the cornea while inother embodiments the base curve radius may be up to 1.0 mm longer thanthe radius of the cornea; and in other embodiments the base curve radiusmay be shorter than the radius of the cornea. The outer diameter 804 ofthe contact lens 802 may be determined based on the diameter of thecornea of the eye. For example, in some embodiments for corneal contactlenses the outer diameter of the contact lens may be 90% of the diameterof the cornea while in other embodiments for soft contact lenses orscleral contact lenses the outer diameter may be 110% to 150% of thediameter of the cornea respectively. The sagittal depth of the contactlens 802 may be determined based on one or more sagittal depths of theeye. For example, in some embodiments the preferred sagittal depth of asoft lens or rigid scleral lens may be 200 microns or 400 microns,respectively, greater than the sagittal depth of the eye at the samechord diameter.

In some embodiments, the contact lens may include a central opticalfeature. The central optical feature may be designed to function withdisplay eyewear. In these embodiments, the location of the centeroptical feature of the contact lens may be determined based on thecenter of the pupil or the measured location of the first Purkinje imageof the eye.

In some embodiments, the determined metrics of the eye may include aposition of the lids of an eye and the aperture height between lids ofthe eye. In these embodiments, a nonrotation feature of the contact lensmay be determined based on the position of the eyelids and apertureheight between the lids of the eye. Non-rotating features may includedouble slab-off designs where the superior and inferior aspects of thelens are made thinner than the nasal and temporal aspects of the lens;prism ballast designs where the inferior portion of the lens is madethicker than the superior portion of the lens; non-symmetrical thin andthick zones where the superior aspect of the lens is thinner andinferior nasal and inferior temporal zones are made thicker; or otherasymmetric geometries having orientational stability effects. In someembodiments these features may be modulated in position or thicknessbased on the measured position of the lids and/or the aperture heightbetween the lids through the captured images.

Some embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods forautomated contact lens design through image capture of an eye wearing areference contact lens. FIG. 9 illustrates an image capture system 900for capturing images of the eye of a user while wearing a measurementcontact lens according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.Referring to FIG. 9, the eye 902 is shown, as well as the cornea 904 ofthe eye. Also shown is a measurement contact lens 920, worn upon the eye902. The measurement contact lens 920 may be translucent. The imagecapture system 900 may include a light source 906 and one or morecameras 914A,B, which may be positioned on opposite sides of the lightsource 906 or by way of a beam combiner aligned with the z axis of thelight source. With the light source 906 on and illuminating the eye 902,each camera 914 may capture one or more images of the eye 902 and themeasurement contact lens 920. In some embodiments the light source maybe aligned with the central axis of the camera.

The elements of the image capture system 900 of FIG. 9 may be arrangedin a variety of multifunction devices. In some embodiments, the elementsof the image capture system 900 of FIG. 9 may be arranged in measurementeyewear, for example such as a pair of spectacles. FIG. 10 illustratesone such embodiment. Referring to FIG. 10, a multifunction device 1000includes a pair of spectacles 1004 and two image capture systems 1006A,Barranged to capture images of the user's eyes 1002A,B while wearingmeasurement contact lenses 1020A,B, respectively. In these embodiments,the measurement eyewear is disposed on the face of the user prior tocapturing the images.

A control system (not shown) to control the image capture subsystems1006 may be included in the multifunction device 1000, may be locatedexternally to the multifunction device 1000, or a combination thereof.In embodiments where some or all of the control system is external tothe multifunction device 1000, the multifunction device 1000 may includea receiver or transceiver for connecting the multifunction device 1000to the external elements.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a process 1100 for automated contactlens design through image capture of the eye wearing a reference contactlens according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology. Theelements of the process 1100 are presented in one arrangement. However,it should be understood that one or more elements of the process may beperformed in a different order, in parallel, omitted entirely, and thelike. Furthermore, the process 1100 may include other elements inaddition to those presented.

Referring to FIG. 11, the process 1100 may include disposing ameasurement contact lens upon an eye of a user, at 1102. In someembodiments, the measurement contact lens includes orientation marks,patterns, or similar features. In other embodiments, the measurementcontact lens has no orientation marks, patterns, or similar features,and is detectable by the camera 114 or image sensor.

FIG. 12A illustrates an example contact lens 1202 having orientationmarks according to embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referringto FIG. 12A, the contact lens 1202 may include one or more radial scribemarks. For example, the contact lens 1202 may include a pair of radialscribe marks located near the edge of the contact lens 1202 at the 3o'clock and 9 o'clock positions, as shown at 1204A and 1204B. As anotherexample, a contact lens 1202 may include a dot 1206 or radial scribemark at the 6 o'clock position flanked by a pair of radial scribe marks1208A,B each separated from the dot 1206 by a predetermined angle. Insome examples, the angle may be 15 degrees. In other embodiments, theseorientation marks may be employed alone or in various combinations witheach other, and with other orientation marks. Other orientation marksmay include, by way of nonlimiting example portions of a circle,segmented arcs, or three points that are a common distance from thecenter of the lens. Orientation marks may be cast into the lenssubstrate, dyes, or inks and may have special properties with regard todetection by spectral image sensors. For example, titanium dioxide maybe used to enhance detection with infra-red light sources and infra-redsensors. Orientation marks may be molded into or onto a surface or addedby means of removing lens polymer material. Orientation marks may beapplied after the lens is made by laser marking, jet printing, transferprinting, or pad printing.

FIG. 12B illustrates another example contact lens 1212 havingorientation marks according to embodiments of the disclosedtechnologies. Referring to FIG. 12B, the contact lens includes twoorientation marks. One orientation mark is a concentric circle 1214. Theother orientation mark is a radial scribe mark 1216 intersecting thecircle 1214.

Referring again to FIG. 11, the process 1100 may include illuminatingthe eye with a light source, at 1104, and capturing at least one imageof the eye and the measurement contact lens with an image sensor whilethe measurement contact lens is on the eye of the user and the eye isilluminated, at 1106. For example, referring again to FIG. 9, the eye902 of the user may be illuminated by the light source 906 of the imagecapture system 900, and each camera 914A,B may capture one or moreimages of the eye 902 while the eye 902 is illuminated and themeasurement contact lens 920 is on the eye 902. In other embodiments,ambient light may be used to illuminate the eye, and no other lightsources are used.

In embodiments where the measurement contact lens includes orientationmarks, the captured images may include images of the orientation marks.The images may include features of the eye such as the pupil, thevisible iris, and the eyelids. FIG. 13 illustrates an example capturedimage of an eye wearing the example measurement contact lens 1212 ofFIG. 12B. FIG. 13 shows the features of the measurement contact lens1212, as well as the pupil 1204 of the eye.

Referring again to FIG. 11, the process 1100 may include processing theat least one image to obtain a centration of the measurement contactlens on the cornea of the eye, at 1108. For example, referring again toFIG. 13, the center of the measurement contact lens 1212 is shown at1312, and the center of the pupil is shown at 1310. In some embodiments,the center 1312 of the contact lens 1212 may be determined based onpoints falling on the outer edge of the measurement contact lens or onpoints on the orientation mark 1212 or the circle 1214, and the centerof the pupil 1304 may be determined based on points falling on the edgeof the pupil 1304. The edges of the contact lens and pupil may bedetermined by an edge detection process or a similar technique. In someembodiments, three points are determined for each edge, and on eachedge. In one embodiment, no two points are separated by less than 60degrees. The center of the contact lens and the center of the pupil maybe determined by use of each set of three points on the respectiveedges. In some embodiments, this processing may include the use ofartificial intelligence techniques, for example as described above.

Referring again to FIG. 11, the process 1100 may include processing theat least one image to obtain an angular orientation of the measurementcontact lens on the cornea of the eye, at 1110. For example, the angularorientation of the measurement contact lens may be determined bydetermining an angular displacement of an orientation mark from itsoriginal position. In the example of FIG. 13, the angular orientation ofthe measurement contact lens 1212 may be determined by determining theangular displacement of the orientation mark 1216 from an angularreference orientation.

Referring again to FIG. 11, the process 1100 may include determining,based on the centration and angular orientation of the measurementcontact lens on the cornea of the eye, at least one parameter of acontact lens to be worn on the eye with display eyewear, at 1112, or atleast one parameter of a contact lens to be worn on the eye withoutdisplay eyewear, at 1114. Contact lenses may then be manufactured orselected from a collection of contact lenses based on the parameters.For example, the parameters may include those depicted in, and discussedwith reference to, FIG. 8. In some embodiments, the parameters maydescribe a displacement of optics in the contact lens to correct for thelack of centration. These optics may include apertures, filters,lenslets, higher order aberration features, multifocal optics andsimilar optics. In some embodiments, the parameters may describe amodulation of one or more non-rotating features of the contact lens tocorrect for the lack of centration.

In some embodiments, this process may include determining an angularorientation and/or vertical position of non-rotational features of thecontact lens based on the angular orientation of the measurement contactlens on the cornea of the eye, a position of the lid, and an apertureheight between the eyelids. In some embodiments, this process mayinclude determining an angular position of a light polarizing filterand/or micro-lens of the contact lens relative to a non-rotation designfeature in the contact lens based on the angular orientation of themeasurement contact lens on the cornea of the eye.

In some embodiments, the measured angular orientation of the contactlens may be used to preset the angular orientation of the display lightpolarization produced by the displays in display eyewear to align with acontact lens containing at least one light polarizing filter. Thepolarization alignment enhances the display performance by maximizingthe transmission and extinction of display light through display anddistance optical portions of the lens when linear polarization analyzersare included in the lens. In some embodiments, the polarization of thedisplay light is adjusted with a waveplate optical element that twiststhe exit polarization angle by twice the angle of the input polarizationdifference between the incident light and the axis of the waveplate. Inother embodiments, an active liquid crystal optical element can be usedto twist the polarization angle of the incident polarized light usingelectronic controls.

FIG. 14 illustrates a side view of a system that includes a contact lenswith a integrated polarizer 1404 disposed upon an eye 1402 and a display1406, linear polarizer 1408, and a wave plate 1410. In some embodiments,the light emitted by the display 1406 may already be polarized, as withLiquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Liquid Crystal on Silicon Display(LCoS) technologies. In such embodiments, the linear polarizer 1408 maybe omitted. FIG. 15 illustrates a user's view of the system of FIG. 14,along with the wave plate angle 1510 and the contact lens angle 1504. Insome embodiments, the light emitted by the display 1406 may already bepolarized, as with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Liquid Crystal onSilicon Display (LCoS) technologies. In some embodiments, such systemsmay be combined with the display position and pixel shifting featuresdescribe herein based on eye and head scanned metrics.

Conventional head scanners and imagers cannot detect the corneal surfacebecause it is transparent. Instead, these devices tend to detect theiris, and therefore the eye in the resulting image looks caved-in. Someembodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods for automatedcontact lens and eyewear frame design using physical landmarks placed onthe eye. The physical landmarks enable the acquisition of high-qualitycorneal surface topology and sagittal depth measurement from the apex ofthe cornea to at least one semi-meridian radial distance outside thecornea. To be clear, the surface topology would not be possible withoutthe physical landmark placed on the eye. These techniques are alsoapplicable to imaging the sclera of the eye simultaneously with thetransparent cornea of the eye. These images may be used to determineparameters for the design of eyeglasses, display eyewear, and contactlenses for use with or without the display eyewear.

FIG. 16 illustrates an image capture system 1600 for capturing images ofthe eye of a user while wearing a measurement contact lens according tosome embodiments of the disclosed technology. Referring to FIG. 16, theeye 1602 is shown, as well as the cornea 1604 of the eye. Also shown isa physical landmark 1620 disposed upon the eye 1602. The image capturesystem 1600 may include a light source 1606 and one or more cameras1614A,B, which may be positioned on opposite sides of the light source1606. With the light source 1606 on and illuminating the eye 1602, eachcamera 1614 may capture one or more images of the eye 1602 and thephysical landmark 1620.

The elements of the image capture system 1600 of FIG. 16 may be arrangedin a variety of multifunction devices. In some embodiments, the elementsof the image capture system 1600 of FIG. 16 may be arranged inmeasurement eyewear, for example such as a pair of spectacles. FIG. 17illustrates one such embodiment. Referring to FIG. 17, a multifunctiondevice 1700 includes a pair of spectacles 1704 and two image capturesystems 1706A,B arranged to capture images of the user's eye's 1702A,Bwhile physical landmarks 1720A,B are on the eyes 1702A,B, respectively.In these embodiments, the measurement eyewear is disposed on the face ofthe user prior to capturing the images.

A control system (not shown) to control the image capture subsystems1706 may be included in the multifunction device 1700, may be locatedexternally to the multifunction device 1700, or a combination thereof.In embodiments where some or all of the control system is external tothe multifunction device 1700, the multifunction device 1700 may includea receiver or transceiver for connecting the multifunction device 1700to the external elements.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating a process 1800 for automated contactlens design through image capture of the eye wearing a reference contactlens according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology. Theelements of the process 1800 are presented in one arrangement. However,it should be understood that one or more elements of the process may beperformed in a different order, in parallel, omitted entirely, and thelike. Furthermore, the process 1800 may include other elements inaddition to those presented.

Referring to FIG. 18, the process 1800 may include disposing a physicallandmark 1620 upon an eye of a user, at 1802. In some embodiments, thephysical landmark 1620 is a measurement contact lens. In someembodiments, the measurement contact lens includes orientation marks,for example such as those described elsewhere in this description. Inother embodiments, the measurement contact lens has no orientationmarks. In some embodiments, the measurement contact lens conforms to theshape of the eye of the user. In some embodiments, the measurementcontact lens is not opaque to the image sensor. The thickness profile ofthe measurement contact lens that conforms to the shape of the eye isknown. The shape of the eye may be determined by subtracting the knownthickness profile of the measurement contact lens from the dimensionsmeasured by scanning or imaging. In some embodiments, the physicallandmark 1620 is a liquid film comprised of materials that are visibleto the image sensor. In some embodiments, the physical landmark mayinclude a biocompatible ophthalmic dye like gentian violet or trypanblue. Other physical landmarks including liquids formulated withsuspended particles or dissolved colorants are contemplated.

The cameras 1614 may operate in the visible light spectrum, or in otherspectra. The physical landmarks may be selected to be visible to thecameras 1614 in the spectra in which the cameras 1614 operate. Forexample, the liquid film may reflect light in the spectrum of the imagesensor.

Referring again to FIG. 18, the process 1800 may include illuminatingthe eye of the user with a light source, at 1804, and capturing at leastone image of the eye of the user with an image sensor while the eye isilluminated, at 1806. For example, referring again to FIG. 16, the eye1602 of the head and eye of the user may be illuminated by the lightsource 1606 of the image capture system 1600, and each camera 1614A,Bmay capture one or more images of the eye 1602 while the eye 1602 isilluminated and the physical landmark 1620 is on the eye 1602. Thecaptured images therefore include images of the physical landmark. Thecaptured images may include at least one other point on the surface ofthe eye 1602 outside of the cornea 1604. In embodiments where themeasurement contact lens includes orientation marks, the captured imagesmay include images of the orientation marks. The images may includefeatures of the eye such as the pupil, the visible iris, the cornea, thesclera, and the eyelids. In other embodiments, ambient light may be usedto illuminate the eye, and no other light sources are used.

Referring again to FIG. 18, the process 1800 may include processing theat least one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user,at 1808. The metrics may include those described elsewhere in thisdescription. For example, the metrics may include the sagittal depth ofat least one semi chord radial distance from the apex of the cornea, thediameter of the pupil, the horizontal visible iris or corneal diameter,the position of the eyelids, the height of the aperture between thelids, and similar metrics. In some embodiments, this processing mayinclude the use of artificial intelligence techniques, for example asdescribed above.

In some embodiments, the measurement eyewear may be display eyewear, forexample as described and illustrated elsewhere in the description anddrawings. In these embodiments, the metrics may include a vertexdistance between an apex of a cornea of the eye and the display, adistance between the centers of the pupils, a vertical position of thecenter of the pupil relative to the center of the display, and similarmetrics.

Referring again to FIG. 18, the process 1800 may include determining,based on the at least one metric, at least one parameter of a contactlens to be worn on the eye of the user, at 1810. Contact lenses may thenbe manufactured or selected from a collection of lenses based on theparameters. For example, the parameters may include those depicted in,and discussed with reference to, FIG. 8. This process may also be usedto determine parameters of other eyewear, including spectacles anddisplay eyewear, for example as described elsewhere in this description.

For display eyewear, the parameters may be employed to determine anamount of image shifting to be employed in the images displayed.Techniques for electronic and optical image shifting in display eyewearare described in related U.S. patent application Ser. No. 18/915,985,filed Jun. 31, 2220, entitled “DISPLAY EYEWEAR WITH ADJUSTABLE CAMERADIRECTION,” the disclosure thereof incorporated by reference herein inits entirety.

In some embodiments, rather than shifting the image within the display,the display itself may be shifted, for example by mechanical means.FIGS. 19A,B illustrate display eyewear 1900 according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology. Referring to FIG. 19A, thedisplay eyewear includes front 1902, temples 1904, and displays 1906. Inthe described embodiments, the displays 1906 may be shiftedhorizontally, as shown in FIG. 19 B. In other embodiments, the displays1906 may be shifted horizontally, vertically, in other directions, orany combination thereof.

FIGS. 20A,B,C illustrate mechanisms for adjusting eyewear displayshorizontally according to some embodiments of the disclosed technology.FIG. 20A illustrates a pair of mechanically adjustable displays 2002A,Baccording to some embodiments of the disclosed technologies. Themechanically adjustable displays 2002A,B include displays 2012A,B,respectively, and may be used for example as the displays 1906 in thedisplay eyewear 1900 of FIGS. 19A,B. FIG. 20B is a side view of one ofthe adjustable displays 2002. Referring to FIG. 20B, the adjustabledisplays 2002 may be attached to the front of the display eyewear 1900with a friction clamp 2012 or similar mechanism.

FIG. 20C illustrate details of the mechanisms according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology. Referring to FIG. 20C, thedisplay 2002B for the user's left eye is shown in three positionscorresponding to the user's left, center and right. The adjustabledisplay 2002B includes the display 2012B, two edge guides 2004A,B, anadjuster cam 2006, a spring 2008, and a spring base 2010. The spring2008 is disposed between the spring base 2010 and the display 2012B. Thespring 2008 biases the display 2012B against the adjuster cam 2006. Asthe adjuster cam 2006 is rotated, the display 2012B moves horizontallywithin the edge guides 2004A,B. In some embodiments, the adjuster cam2006 may be rotated by an electric motor or the like. In otherembodiments, the adjuster cam 2006 may be rotated manually.

Some embodiments of the disclosure provide systems and methods forautomated eyewear frame design through image capture of landmarks placedon the user's eye and head. FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating aprocess 2100 for automated eyewear frame design through image capture oflandmarks placed on the user's eye and head according to someembodiments of the disclosed technology. The elements of the process2100 are presented in one arrangement. However, it should be understoodthat one or more elements of the process may be performed in a differentorder, in parallel, omitted entirely, and the like. Furthermore, theprocess 2100 may include other elements in addition to those presented.

Referring to FIG. 21, the process 2100 may include placing at least onephysical landmark on the head of a user, at 2102, and capturing, with animage sensor, at least one image of the head of a user, wherein the atleast one image includes an image of an eye of the user and an image ofthe at least one physical landmark, at 2104. In some embodiments,physical landmarks may be placed on the eye of the user as well, forexample as described elsewhere in this description.

FIG. 22 illustrates the capture of an image of the user with physicallandmarks placed on the user's head according to some embodiments of thedisclosed technology. Referring to FIG. 22, a physical landmark in theform of a sticker 2208A has been placed on the user's forehead, andanother sticker 2208B has been placed near the user's left ear. However,it should be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts that anytype and number of physical landmarks may be employed. In the example ofFIG. 22, the image capture device used to capture the image 2204 of theuser is a conventional digital camera 2202. However, it should beunderstood by those skilled in the relevant arts that any suitable imagecapture device may be used.

Referring again to FIG. 21, the process 2100 may include processing theat least one image to obtain position information for features of thehead and eye of the user, at 2106. The position information may beobtained according to the image of the at least one physical landmark.In some embodiments, this processing may include the use of artificialintelligence techniques, for example as described above.

FIGS. 23 and 24A,B illustrate example position information that may beobtained from a captured image of the user's head according to an imageof a user's head including physical landmarks. Referring to FIG. 23,three views of the user's head are depicted, including a top view, afront view, and a side view. Also shown are two physical landmarks inthe form of stickers 2308A,B disposed upon the user's head. The exampleposition information shown in FIG. 23 includes a width of the user'shead at the ear rest 2302, a distance between the brow and the ear rest2304, a location of the brow ridge midpoint 2306, a pupil height 2308, apupillary distance 2310, an ear rest height 2312, and a distance betweenthe cornea apex to the ear rest position 2314. Other positioninformation is contemplated.

Referring to FIGS. 24A,B, two side views of a user's head are depicted,including physical landmarks 2408A,B placed near the user's ear, and onthe user's neck, respectively. The neck landmark 2408B may be placed onthe highest vertebrae that does not move when the subject tilts theirhead. From images of the user's head and the physical landmarks 2408,one or more head tilt angles may be determined. Note that the head tiltangle changes when the individual changes activity from straight aheadviewing to desk tasks and to normal reading positions. FIG. 24A depictsa resting head tilt angle 2402A, while FIG. 24B depicts a reading headtilt angle 2402B. These metrics may be used to select a pantoscopictilt, camera angle, and/or display angle for the user.

In some embodiments, the physical landmarks may take the form ofdiagnostic eyewear. FIG. 25 illustrates the capture of an image of auser wearing diagnostic eyewear according to some embodiments of thedisclosed technology. In the example of FIG. 25, the diagnostic eyeweartakes the form of a pair of eyeglasses 2508. In the example of FIG. 25,the image capture device used to capture the image 2504 of the user is aconventional digital camera 2502. However, it should be understood bythose skilled in the relevant arts that any suitable image capturedevice may be used.

FIG. 26 illustrates example position information that may be obtainedfrom a captured image of the user's head according to an image of auser's head including diagnostic eyewear. Referring to FIG. 26, twoviews of the user's head are depicted, including a front view and a sideview. Also shown is diagnostic eyewear 2608 disposed upon the user'shead. The example position information shown in FIG. 26 includes apupillary height 2602 between the pupil of the user's eye and the bridgeof the diagnostic eyewear 2608, a distance 2604 between the front to thediagnostic eyewear 2608 and the ear rest, and a pupillary distance 2610.

In some embodiments, the physical landmarks may take the form of displayeyewear, for example such as the display eyewear 1900 of FIGS. 19A,B.FIG. 27 illustrates example position information that may be obtainedfrom a captured image of the user's head according to an image of auser's head including display eyewear. Referring to FIG. 27, two viewsof the user's head are depicted, including a front view and a side view.Also shown is display eyewear 1900 disposed upon the user's head. Theexample position information shown in FIG. 27 includes vertical andhorizontal distances 2702V,H between the pupil of the user's eye and thecenter of display 1906, and a vertex distance between display 1906 andthe apex of the cornea of the user's eye. In some embodiments, thedisplay 1906 may be fully functional. In some embodiments, the display1906 may be partially functional or non-functional, and used formeasurement purposes only.

Referring again to FIG. 21, the process 2100 may include determining,based on the position information for the features of the head and eyeof the user, at least one parameter of a daily use eyewear frame, at2108. Eyewear frames may then be manufactured based on the parameters orselected from a collection of pre-fabricated eyewear, or assembled froma collection of pre-fabricate sub-parts. The parameters may include thesize of the front of a pair of display eyewear and locations of displaysrelative to the front. FIG. 28 illustrates a collection 2800 of displayeyewear that includes nine stock keeping units derived from combinationsof three frame sizes and three display locations. Referring to FIG. 28,the collection 2800 includes three frame sizes including a small frame2802, a medium frame 2804, and a large frame 2806. The collection 2800also includes three display locations based on the user's pupillarydistance (PD) including a small PD 2808, a medium PD 2810, and a largePD 2812.

FIG. 29 is an example data structure 2900 for determining parameters ofdisplay eyewear for a user based on the user's metrics. In particular,the data structure 2900 may be used to determine a frame size based onpupillary distance and head width. In this example, the frame sizesinclude small (S), medium (M), and large (L).

FIG. 30 is another example data structure 3000 for determiningparameters of display eyewear for a user based on the user's metrics. Inaddition to having frame sizes, each frame has a range of displaypositions. These positions may be continuously adjustable, may have apre-defined discrete set points, or a combination thereof. The datastructure 3000 provides an example of how the ranges might be configuredwith only the limits and midpoint for display position being defined.

If a particular frame design requires a display position to be placed ata discrete position or at an extreme limit, another adjustment may beimplemented to expand the reach of the fitting range. This adjustmentmay be achieved by shifting the digital images on the displays to helpalign the digital images with the users' eye positions.

The digital shifting of the image from the geometric center of thedisplay may result in three zones for the user: a left monocular zone, acentral binocular zone, and a right monocular zone. The amount ofbinocular overlap, defined in degrees or percentage of display image, isimportant for user comfort and has lower boundaries. The extremes areeasily defined at 100% and 0%, and these are technically valid, but itis more common to have a lower threshold of overlap of 50% for smalldisplays and 32 degrees of overlap for larger displays.

In some embodiments, the process may prescribe the amount of digitalimage shifting as a limit on physical center to center distanceshifting. For example, a pair of displays that are at the extremes ofadjustment but fail to align with the users eyes by 1 mm center tocenter (i.e., 64 mm PD, 65 mm display centers), would be able to use 1mm of total image shifting, or 0.5 mm on each display, to bring thedigital centers into alignment with the users eyes.

The data structure 3000 provides three examples of small, medium, andlarge displays. In each case, the variety of digital image shifting maybe controlled as a percentage of micro-display screen width (33%, 50%,and 66%) to reflect how a single parameter of display width percentagecould be used to influence the alignment and performance of the system.The available display center to user PD adjustment range is representedby the heading “Display Width Shift (C to C)” while the systemperformance at the boundary of this range is represented by theresulting “Display Overlap Angle” and “Display Overlap %”. Row number 2along with the columns identified by “33%” are used as the basis for thedata structure 2900.

In these embodiments, the process may combine certain anthropomorphicdata with frame size data and display adjustment systems (both digitaland mechanical) to quickly select which frame would be a best fit for auser's head size and PD. The temple arm length and pantoscopic tilt aremore directly derived from the head scan data and the available framedesigns, and these may require a similar process when the temple lengthand pantoscopic tilts are fixed with component selection and nototherwise adjustable at the time of dispensing.

FIG. 31 illustrates other eyeglass parameters that may be determinedbased on the obtained position information. Referring to FIG. 31, threeviews of a pair of eyeglasses are shown, including a front view, a sideview, and a top view. Referring to the front view, the parameters mayinclude a total width 3102 of the front, a vertical box dimension 3104,horizontal box dimension 3106, and a distance between lenses (DBL) 3108.Referring to the side view, the parameters may include a temple length3110, and a pantoscopic angle 3112. A temple length A 3110A, a templelength B 3110B, and a frame wrap 3114.

In some embodiments, the eyeglasses may be divided into multiplesections, and the eyeglass parameters may be used to select acombination of the sections. FIG. 32 illustrates a pair of eyeglasses3200 assembled from multiple sections according to some embodiments ofthe disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 32, the sections of theeyeglasses 3200 may include a front 3202, a temple base 3204, a templeadapter 3206, and a temple end 3208. Each of the sections may come indifferent sizes, angles, and the like. For example, the temple adapter3206 may be straight, as shown at 3212, or may have a specified angle,at 3214. Temple adapters 3206 having different angles may be selected toassemble eyeglasses having different positive and negative templeangles, as shown at 3216. It should be appreciated that the number andtype of sections may differ from those shown in FIG. 32, may be selectedto attain a desired number of stock keeping units.

In some embodiments, display eyewear may be divided into multiplesections in a similar manner, and the parameters may be used to select acombination of the sections. FIG. 33 illustrates a pair of displayeyewear 3300 assembled from multiple sections according to someembodiments of the disclosed technologies. Referring to FIG. 33, thesections of the eyeglasses 3300 may include a front 3302, a temple base3304, a temple adapter 3306, and a temple end 3308. Also shown is acable 3310 having a magnetic breakaway connector 3312 and grooves3314A,B for retaining the cable in the temple sections.

Each of the sections may come in different sizes, angles, and the like.For example, the temple adapter 3306 may be straight, as shown at 3312,or may have a specified angle, at 3314. Temple adapters 3306 havingdifferent angles may be selected to assemble eyeglasses having differentpositive and negative temple angles, as shown at 3316 to accommodatedifferent right and left ear rest position heights in an effort toposition the front of the frame or the centers of the displays optimallywith regard to the centers of the right and left pupils. The templeadapters or temple sections having different angles are useful whenunequal right and left ear rest heights or unequal right and left pupilcenter heights are presented and when the pantoscopic angles of theright and left sides of the frames are not adjustable.

It should be appreciated that the number and type of sections may differfrom those shown in FIG. 33, may be selected to attain a desired numberof stock keeping units. For example, in some embodiments the sectionsmay include a plurality of bridge inserts to accommodate different faceand/or nose shapes. FIGS. 34A,B,C illustrate example face and nose shapemetrics that may be determined from captured images of a user's head forselecting bridge inserts according to some embodiments of the disclosedtechnologies. The metrics include a bridge width 3402, a bridge restheight 3404, a bridge depth 3406, a front slope 3408, and a lateralslope 3410. It should be appreciated that other metrics may be used.FIGS. 34A,B,C depict these metrics for three different nose types. FIG.34A illustrates a shallow, wide nose type. FIG. 34B illustrates a mediannose type. FIG. 34C illustrates a deep, narrow nose type.

In some embodiments, these head and face metrics are processed tomanufacture a frame with determined parameters or select a frame from acollection of pre-fabricated frames, or select frame sections to be usedto assemble a unique frame. In some embodiments, this processing mayinclude the use of artificial intelligence techniques. For example, amachine-learning model may be trained using obtained metrics andassociated parameters for a large number of users, using supervisedand/or unsupervised training techniques. The trained machine-learningmodel may be provided with a user's metrics as inputs, and may providethe parameters as outputs.

FIGS. 35A,B,C illustrate several different bridge inserts according toembodiments of the disclosed technologies. FIG. 35A is a side view ofthree bridge inserts that provide deep, median, and shallow vertexdistances. FIG. 35B is a front view of three bridge inserts that arelowered, median, and raised. FIG. 35C is a front view of three bridgeinserts that accommodate noses that are narrow, median, and wide.

Several embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described. Itshould be appreciated by those skilled in the relevant arts that theseembodiments may be combined, and that features of one embodiment may becombined with features of one or more other embodiments.

FIG. 36 depicts a block diagram of an example computer system 3600 inwhich embodiments described herein may be implemented. The computersystem 3600 includes a bus 3602 or other communication mechanism forcommunicating information, one or more hardware processors 3604 coupledwith bus 3602 for processing information. Hardware processor(s) 3604 maybe, for example, one or more general purpose microprocessors.

The computer system 3600 also includes a main memory 3606, such as arandom access memory (RAM), cache and/or other dynamic storage devices,coupled to bus 3602 for storing information and instructions to beexecuted by processor 3604. Main memory 3606 also may be used forstoring temporary variables or other intermediate information duringexecution of instructions to be executed by processor 3604. Suchinstructions, when stored in storage media accessible to processor 3604,render computer system 3600 into a special-purpose machine that iscustomized to perform the operations specified in the instructions.

The computer system 3600 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 3608or other static storage device coupled to bus 3602 for storing staticinformation and instructions for processor 3604. A storage device 3610,such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or USB thumb drive (Flash drive),etc., is provided and coupled to bus 3602 for storing information andinstructions.

The computer system 3600 may be coupled via bus 3602 to a display 3612,such as a liquid crystal display (LCD) (or touch screen), for displayinginformation to a computer user. An input device 3614, includingalphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus 3602 for communicatinginformation and command selections to processor 3604. Another type ofuser input device is cursor control 3616, such as a mouse, a trackball,or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information andcommand selections to processor 3604 and for controlling cursor movementon display 3612. In some embodiments, the same direction information andcommand selections as cursor control may be implemented via receivingtouches on a touch screen without a cursor.

The computing system 3600 may include a user interface module toimplement a GUI that may be stored in a mass storage device asexecutable software codes that are executed by the computing device(s).This and other modules may include, by way of example, components, suchas software components, object-oriented software components, classcomponents and task components, processes, functions, attributes,procedures, subroutines, segments of program code, drivers, firmware,microcode, circuitry, data, databases, data structures, tables, arrays,and variables.

In general, the word “component,” “engine,” “system,” “database,” datastore,” and the like, as used herein, can refer to logic embodied inhardware or firmware, or to a collection of software instructions,possibly having entry and exit points, written in a programminglanguage, such as, for example, Java, C or C++. A software component maybe compiled and linked into an executable program, installed in adynamic link library, or may be written in an interpreted programminglanguage such as, for example, BASIC, Perl, or Python. It will beappreciated that software components may be callable from othercomponents or from themselves, and/or may be invoked in response todetected events or interrupts. Software components configured forexecution on computing devices may be provided on a computer readablemedium, such as a compact disc, digital video disc, flash drive,magnetic disc, or any other tangible medium, or as a digital download(and may be originally stored in a compressed or installable format thatrequires installation, decompression or decryption prior to execution).Such software code may be stored, partially or fully, on a memory deviceof the executing computing device, for execution by the computingdevice. Software instructions may be embedded in firmware, such as anEPROM. It will be further appreciated that hardware components may becomprised of connected logic units, such as gates and flip-flops, and/ormay be comprised of programmable units, such as programmable gate arraysor processors.

The computer system 3600 may implement the techniques described hereinusing customized hard-wired logic, one or more ASICs or FPGAs, firmwareand/or program logic which in combination with the computer systemcauses or programs computer system 3600 to be a special-purpose machine.According to one embodiment, the techniques herein are performed bycomputer system 3600 in response to processor(s) 3604 executing one ormore sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory3606. Such instructions may be read into main memory 3606 from anotherstorage medium, such as storage device 3610. Execution of the sequencesof instructions contained in main memory 3606 causes processor(s) 3604to perform the process steps described herein. In alternativeembodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or incombination with software instructions.

The term “non-transitory media,” and similar terms, as used hereinrefers to any media that store data and/or instructions that cause amachine to operate in a specific fashion. Such non-transitory media maycomprise non-volatile media and/or volatile media. Non-volatile mediaincludes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device3610. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 3606.Common forms of non-transitory media include, for example, a floppydisk, a flexible disk, hard disk, solid state drive, magnetic tape, orany other magnetic data storage medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical datastorage medium, any physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, aPROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, NVRAM, any other memory chip orcartridge, and networked versions of the same.

Non-transitory media is distinct from but may be used in conjunctionwith transmission media. Transmission media participates in transferringinformation between non-transitory media. For example, transmissionmedia includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, includingthe wires that comprise bus 3602. Transmission media can also take theform of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated duringradio-wave and infra-red data communications.

The computer system 3600 also includes a communication interface 3618coupled to bus 3602. Network interface 3618 provides a two-way datacommunication coupling to one or more network links that are connectedto one or more local networks. For example, communication interface 3618may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, cable modem,satellite modem, or a modem to provide a data communication connectionto a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, networkinterface 3618 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a datacommunication connection to a compatible LAN (or a WAN component tocommunicate with a WAN). Wireless links may also be implemented. In anysuch implementation, network interface 3618 sends and receiveselectrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital datastreams representing various types of information.

A network link typically provides data communication through one or morenetworks to other data devices. For example, a network link may providea connection through local network to a host computer or to dataequipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP). The ISP inturn provides data communication services through the world wide packetdata communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet.”Local network and Internet both use electrical, electromagnetic oroptical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through thevarious networks and the signals on network link and throughcommunication interface 3618, which carry the digital data to and fromcomputer system 3600, are example forms of transmission media.

The computer system 3600 can send messages and receive data, includingprogram code, through the network(s), network link and communicationinterface 3618. In the Internet example, a server might transmit arequested code for an application program through the Internet, the ISP,the local network and the communication interface 3618.

The received code may be executed by processor 3604 as it is received,and/or stored in storage device 3610, or other non-volatile storage forlater execution.

Each of the processes, methods, and algorithms described in thepreceding sections may be embodied in, and fully or partially automatedby, code components executed by one or more computer systems or computerprocessors comprising computer hardware. The one or more computersystems or computer processors may also operate to support performanceof the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a“software as a service” (SaaS). The processes and algorithms may beimplemented partially or wholly in application-specific circuitry. Thevarious features and processes described above may be used independentlyof one another, or may be combined in various ways. Differentcombinations and sub-combinations are intended to fall within the scopeof this disclosure, and certain method or process blocks may be omittedin some implementations. The methods and processes described herein arealso not limited to any particular sequence, and the blocks or statesrelating thereto can be performed in other sequences that areappropriate, or may be performed in parallel, or in some other manner.Blocks or states may be added to or removed from the disclosed exampleembodiments. The performance of certain of the operations or processesmay be distributed among computer systems or computers processors, notonly residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number ofmachines.

As used herein, a circuit might be implemented utilizing any form ofhardware, or a combination of hardware and software. For example, one ormore processors, controllers, ASICs, PLAs, PALs, CPLDs, FPGAs, logicalcomponents, software routines or other mechanisms might be implementedto make up a circuit. In implementation, the various circuits describedherein might be implemented as discrete circuits or the functions andfeatures described can be shared in part or in total among one or morecircuits. Even though various features or elements of functionality maybe individually described or claimed as separate circuits, thesefeatures and functionality can be shared among one or more commoncircuits, and such description shall not require or imply that separatecircuits are required to implement such features or functionality. Wherea circuit is implemented in whole or in part using software, suchsoftware can be implemented to operate with a computing or processingsystem capable of carrying out the functionality described with respectthereto, such as computer system 3600.

As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive orexclusive sense. Moreover, the description of resources, operations, orstructures in the singular shall not be read to exclude the plural.Conditional language, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” or“may,” unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understoodwithin the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certainembodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certainfeatures, elements and/or steps.

Terms and phrases used in this document, and variations thereof, unlessotherwise expressly stated, should be construed as open ended as opposedto limiting. Adjectives such as “conventional,” “traditional,” “normal,”“standard,” “known,” and terms of similar meaning should not beconstrued as limiting the item described to a given time period or to anitem available as of a given time, but instead should be read toencompass conventional, traditional, normal, or standard technologiesthat may be available or known now or at any time in the future. Thepresence of broadening words and phrases such as “one or more,” “atleast,” “but not limited to” or other like phrases in some instancesshall not be read to mean that the narrower case is intended or requiredin instances where such broadening phrases may be absent.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method comprising: disposing a physicallandmark upon an eye of a user; capturing at least one image of the eyeof the user with an image sensor while the eye is illuminated, whereinthe image includes an image of the physical landmark and at least oneother point on the surface of the eye outside of the cornea; processingthe at least one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of theuser; and determining, based on the at least one metric, at least oneparameter of a daily use contact lens to be worn on the eye of the user.2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the daily use contact lens is to beworn by the user to view daily use display eyewear.
 3. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: disposing measurement display eyewear onthe face of the user prior to capturing the image, the measurementdisplay eyewear comprising a display, the light source, and the imagesensor; and capturing the at least one image of the eye of the user andthe physical landmark with the display eyewear while the eye isilluminated.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the obtained at least onemetric further comprises at least one of: a vertex distance between anapex of a cornea of the eye and the display, a pupillary distancebetween the center of a pupil of an eye and the midline of the facebetween the eyes, or a vertical position of the center of the pupilrelative to the center of the display.
 5. The method of claim 1,wherein: the physical landmark is a measurement contact lens.
 6. Themethod of claim 5, wherein: the measurement contact lens comprises anorientation mark; and capturing at least one image of the eye of theuser and the physical landmark with an image sensor while the eye isilluminated comprises capturing at least one image of the orientationmark.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the physical landmark comprisesa liquid film.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the liquid filmreflects light in the spectrum of the image sensor.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: disposing a measurement contact lens uponthe eye of the user prior to capturing the at least one image, whereinthe measurement contact lens conforms to the shape of the eye of theuser and at least one point on the measurement contact lens isdetectable by the image sensor.
 10. A non-transitory machine-readablestorage medium encoded with instructions executable by one or morehardware processors of a computing component, the machine-readablestorage medium comprising instructions to cause the one or more hardwareprocessors to perform operations comprising: receiving at least oneimage of an eye of a user captured while a physical landmark is on theeye and the eye is illuminated, wherein the image includes an image ofthe physical landmark and at least one other point on the surface of theeye outside of the cornea; processing the at least one image to obtainat least one metric of the eye of the user; and determining, based onthe at least one metric, at least one parameter of a daily use contactlens to be worn on the eye of the user.
 11. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein: the daily usecontact lens is to be worn by the user to view daily use displayeyewear.
 12. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim10, wherein: the at least one image is captured by measurement displayeyewear worn on the face of the user.
 13. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 12, wherein the obtained atleast one metric further comprises at least one of: a vertex distancebetween an apex of a cornea of the eye and a display of the measurementdisplay eyewear; a pupillary distance between the center of a pupil ofan eye and the midline of the face between the eyes; or a verticalposition of the center of the pupil relative to the center of thedisplay.
 14. The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim10, wherein: the physical landmark is a measurement contact lens. 15.The non-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein:the measurement contact lens comprises an orientation mark; and the atleast one image includes an image of the orientation mark.
 16. Thenon-transitory machine-readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein: themeasurement contact lens conforms to the surface of the eye; and atleast one point on the measurement contact lens is detectable by animage sensor that generated the image.
 17. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 10, wherein: the physicallandmark comprises a liquid film.
 18. The non-transitorymachine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein: the liquid filmreflects light in the spectrum of the image sensor that generated theimage.
 19. A system, comprising: a hardware processor; and anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium encoded with instructionsexecutable by the hardware processor to perform operations comprising:receiving at least one image of an eye of a user captured while aphysical landmark is on the eye and the eye is illuminated, wherein theimage includes an image of the physical landmark and at least one otherpoint on the surface of the eye outside of the cornea; processing the atleast one image to obtain at least one metric of the eye of the user;and determining, based on the at least one metric, at least oneparameter of a daily use contact lens to be worn on the eye of the user.20. The system of claim 19, wherein: the daily use contact lens is to beworn by the user to view daily use display eyewear.
 21. The system ofclaim 19, wherein: the at least one image is captured by measurementdisplay eyewear worn on the face of the user.
 22. The system of claim21, wherein the obtained at least one metric further comprises at leastone of: a vertex distance between an apex of a cornea of the eye and adisplay of the measurement display eyewear; a pupillary distance betweenthe center of a pupil of an eye and the midline of the face between theeyes; or a vertical position of the center of the pupil relative to thecenter of the display.
 23. The system of claim 19, wherein: the physicallandmark is a measurement contact lens.
 24. The system of claim 23,wherein: the measurement contact lens comprises an orientation mark; andthe at least one image includes an image of the orientation mark. 25.The system of claim 23, wherein: the measurement contact lens conformsto the surface of the eye; and at least one point on the measurementcontact lens is detectable by an image sensor that generated the image.26. The system of claim 19, wherein: the physical landmark comprises aliquid film.
 27. The system of claim 26, wherein: the liquid filmreflects light in the spectrum of the image sensor that generated theimage.